Understanding Pool Types and Their Features

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Using Pool Covers to Save on Heating Costs

"Pool barriers play a crucial role in preventing accidents, especially for young children.

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  1. Pool Equipment Suppliers
  2. Calcium Hardness Regulators
  3. Pool Loans
  4. Rebar Reinforcement
  5. Smart Pool Technology
  6. Water Treatment Experts
  7. Palm Trees & Tropical Plants
Consider the shape and depth as well, ensuring the pool is functional for all intended activities, from swimming laps to relaxing on a tanning ledge. "A good pool contractor should provide warranties on both materials and workmanship to protect your investment. For commercial pools or those used by large groups, having an AED (automated external defibrillator) on hand can be life-saving.

Regions prone to heavy rainfall or freezing temperatures may have unique requirements for drainage or winterization. Incorporating these high-tech solutions not only saves time but also ensures your pool remains efficient, eco-friendly, and ready for use at any moment." Best nashville pool builders TN. Best pool installer nashville TN.

By staying consistent with recommended care and documentation, you'll retain the warranty's protection and enjoy peace of mind should any issues occur." Alarms that detect motion in the water or when the fence gate is opened can provide an extra layer of protection.

"Using recycled materials in pool construction reduces environmental impact and promotes sustainable building practices.

While the upfront cost is significant, proper planning and quality construction ensure that the pool meets safety standards, operates efficiently, and provides long-term value." Ensure that the issue isn't covered under another part of the warranty or by another party, such as the contractor or equipment manufacturer. By adapting your maintenance routine to the changing seasons, you'll ensure that your pool remains in excellent condition, ready for use when you need it." best pool contractor Nashville,TN. Seniors and individuals with limited mobility benefit from accessible entry points, such as ramps, wide steps, or pool lifts.

"Fiberglass pools continue to rise in popularity due to their streamlined installation process and low-maintenance characteristics.

Understanding Pool Types and Their Features - Pool Equipment Suppliers

  1. Plumbing & Electrical Work
  2. Artificial Grass Surroundings
  3. Outdoor Fire Pits
  4. Plunge Pools
  5. Artificial Grass Surroundings
  6. Outdoor Fire Pits
If you notice increasing maintenance costs, poor water circulation, or equipment malfunctions, it might be time to upgrade.

Comfortable lounge chairs, shade-providing umbrellas, and a sturdy dining set create inviting spaces for relaxation and entertaining. "Registering your pool warranty online offers several advantages.

Proper filtration, circulation, and water treatment systems are also essential to maintain water quality and meet stringent public health guidelines.

Plunging Pools

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This not only benefits the homeowner's budget but also contributes to a cleaner, more sustainable environment. These pools often feature larger surface areas and depths to serve a variety of activities, from lap swimming to recreational play. Transparent pricing, clear communication, and a detailed project timeline are essential qualities. best pool company Nashville TN. Heat pumps, while slower to warm water, are more energy-efficient and cost-effective in milder temperatures.

Additionally, it allows the warranty provider to quickly verify your purchase and service history, speeding up claim approvals. "Ensuring that your pool meets local safety requirements involves understanding and adhering to specific building codes and regulations in your area.

Other enhancements, like automated cleaning systems and energy-efficient pumps, make maintenance easier and more cost-effective.

Understanding Pool Types and Their Features - Artificial Grass Surroundings

    Safety equipment such as a life ring, reaching pole, and a well-stocked first aid kit is also crucial.

    This level of expertise helps prevent costly mistakes, reduces delays, and ensures that the finished pool is both functional and visually appealing."

    How to Modernize Your Pool with New Features
    Essential Safety Standards for Pool Construction

    Essential Safety Standards for Pool Construction

    Material options like concrete, fiberglass, or vinyl each have their own costs and maintenance requirements. Covers also minimize evaporation, which conserves water and keeps chemical levels more stable.

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    1. Liability Insurance
    2. Pool Designers
    3. Swim Schools & Training Pools
    4. Above Ground Pools
    5. Pool Permits & Inspections
    6. Energy-efficient Pool Equipment
    7. Pool Shock Treatments
    If local rules mandate pool alarms or lighting for nighttime use, make sure these features are properly installed and operational. "The selection of pool materials is influenced by factors such as budget, desired aesthetic, maintenance requirements, and long-term durability.

    Basic necessities include a pool skimmer, vacuum, and brush to maintain water clarity and cleanliness. Choosing a contractor who combines professionalism, expertise, and transparency ensures that your pool project will be completed to your satisfaction."

    Adding water features, lighting, or decorative tiles can further tie the pool's aesthetic to your home's overall style. Automatic cleaners and robotic vacuums keep the pool spotless with minimal effort.

    Investing in energy efficiency pays off financially and environmentally."

    Pool Safety Regulations for Public and Private Pools

    By weighing all these factors, you can confidently choose a contractor who offers the best combination of quality, reliability, and value." By exploring these various lighting options, you can find a solution that fits your pool's style, enhances safety, and transforms your pool area into a visually striking outdoor oasis." The factory-molded shells arrive at your home ready for placement, drastically reducing construction time and minimizing disruption. Smart pool monitors help maintain balanced water chemistry by sending alerts and recommendations, reducing guesswork and chemical overuse.

    They should be knowledgeable about local building codes, safety standards, and permitting requirements. Add-ons such as tanning ledges, integrated hot tubs, or waterfalls can elevate the overall look and feel.

    By incorporating these features, you can elevate your backyard experience and enjoy a more functional, visually stunning outdoor space." High-efficiency pumps, heaters, and LED lighting use less energy, resulting in lower utility bills.

    Outdoor amenities such as a pergola, fire pit, or poolside cabana complete the look, creating an upscale oasis in your own backyard."

    Understanding Pool Types and Their Features - Pool Equipment Suppliers

    1. Filter Cleaning
    2. Pool Vacuuming
    3. LED Lighting
    4. Outdoor Fire Pits
    5. Poolside Kitchens & Bars
    6. Anti-Entrapment Drain Covers


    Pool Safety Regulations for Public and Private Pools
    How to Make the Most of Your Pool Warranty
    How to Make the Most of Your Pool Warranty

    High-quality portfolios will showcase a variety of pool shapes, finishes, and features, highlighting the contractor's versatility and creativity. Periodically check the cover and remove any standing water or debris. Operators of commercial pools must adhere to public health standards, often performing multiple chemical tests per day and submitting reports to local authorities. Investing in a variable-speed pump and solar-powered equipment reduces energy consumption, while covering the pool when not in use prevents water evaporation.

    By choosing the right interior upgrades, you'll enjoy a more attractive, durable pool that enhances your overall backyard experience." A bond coat may be applied to ensure proper adhesion, followed by the chosen finish material-commonly quartz, pebble, or plaster.

    Understanding Pool Types and Their Features - Plunge Pools

    1. Plunge Pools
    2. Plunge Pools
    3. Plunge Pools
    4. Plunge Pools
    5. Plunge Pools
    6. Plunge Pools


    By taking architectural style into account, you'll design a pool that feels like an extension of your home rather than a separate feature." For busy homeowners, relying on experts helps ensure the pool stays clean, safe, and enjoyable year-round."

    By making thoughtful choices during the construction process, you can enjoy a beautiful, eco-friendly pool that's both functional and kind to the environment."

    Incorporating Green Landscaping into Pool Design

    Beyond cost savings, these eco-friendly upgrades often improve the overall performance and longevity of your pool's equipment. "Ensuring that your pool is easily accessible is important for safety, convenience, and inclusivity. In-ground pools are generally more expensive, with costs ranging from $35,000 to $100,000 or more for custom designs and high-end finishes.

    Understanding Pool Types and Their Features - Pool Equipment Suppliers

    1. Plunge Pools
    2. Outdoor Fire Pits
    3. Plunge Pools
    4. Outdoor Fire Pits
    5. Plunge Pools
    6. Outdoor Fire Pits
    7. Plunge Pools
    Overall, vinyl pools provide a cost-effective and aesthetically pleasing solution for creating a backyard oasis."

    Use organic mulch or ground covers to minimize soil erosion and runoff into the pool. The ideal size strikes a balance between functionality, aesthetics, and cost."

    Homeowners can choose unique shapes, depths, and decorative features to complement their outdoor spaces and lifestyles. Additionally, matching pool tile colors or finishes to the home's exterior can help achieve a cohesive look.

    While these expenses may seem minor compared to the overall budget, they are essential for legal compliance and long-term safety.

    Incorporating Green Landscaping into Pool Design
    Surface of the Seljalandsfoss plunge pool (Iceland)
    Water going over the falls carries sand and pebbles that scour a plunge pool at its base.

    A plunge pool (or plunge basin or waterfall lake) is a deep depression in a stream bed at the base of a waterfall or shut-in. It is created by the erosional forces of cascading water on the rocks at the formation's base where the water impacts.[1] The term may refer to the water occupying the depression, or the depression itself.[2]

    Formation

    [edit]

    Plunge pools are formed by the natural force of falling water, such as at a waterfall or cascade; they also result from man-made structures such as some spillway designs.[3] Plunge pools are often very deep, generally related to the height of the fall, the volume of water, the resistance of the rock below the pool and other factors.[4] The impacting and swirling water, sometimes carrying rocks within it, abrades the riverbed into a basin, which often features rough and irregular sides. Plunge pools can remain long after the waterfall has ceased flow or the stream has been diverted. Several examples of former plunge pools exist at Dry Falls in the Channeled Scablands of eastern Washington.[5] They can also be found underwater in areas that were formerly above sea level, for example, Perth Canyon off the coast of Western Australia.

    Plunge pools are fluvial features of erosion which occur in the youthful stage of river development, characterized by steeper gradients and faster water flows. Where softer or fractured rock has been eroded back to a knickpoint, water continues to bombard its base. Because this rock is often less resistant than overlying strata, the water from the higher elevation continues eroding downward until an equilibrium is achieved.

    A somewhat similar bowl-shaped feature developed by flowing water, as opposed to falling water, is known as a scour hole. These occur both naturally and as a result of bridge building.

    See also

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ Marshak, Stephen, 2009, Essentials of Geology, W. W. Norton & Company, 3rd ed. ISBN 978-0393196566
    2. ^ Robert L Bates, Julia A Jackson, ed. Dictionary of Geological Terms: Third Edition, p. 391, American Geological Institute (1984)
    3. ^ The Management of the Zambezi River Basin and Kariba Dam, p. 105 (2010)
    4. ^ Vincent J. Zipparro, Hans Hasen, Davis' Handbook of Applied Hydraulics, p. 16.46 (1993)
    5. ^ The Channeled Scablands of Eastern Washington: the geologic story of the Spokane flood , p.18-19 United States Geological Survey (1973)
    [edit]

     

    The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Nashville, Tennessee, United States.

    Prior to 19th century

    [edit]

    19th century

    [edit]

    20th century

    [edit]

    1900s-1940s

    [edit]

    1950s-1990s

    [edit]

    21st century

    [edit]

    See also

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ a b Federal Writers' Project 1939.
    2. ^ a b c d e Wooldridge 1890.
    3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Britannica 1910.
    4. ^ J.G.M. Ramsey (1853), The annals of Tennessee to the end of the eighteenth century, Charleston, Tenn.: J. Russell, OCLC 11827530, OL 13558206M
    5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Robert 1880.
    6. ^ Williams 1860, p. 90: "History of the Nashville Press"
    7. ^ a b c d "Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture". University of Tennessee Press.
    8. ^ a b c d e Davies Project. "American Libraries before 1876". Princeton University. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
    9. ^ "Research & Collections". Tennessee Historical Society. Archived from the original on December 8, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
    10. ^ Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Nashville", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
    11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, U.S. Census Bureau, 1998
    12. ^ a b c d Williams 1860.
    13. ^ Marshall 1881.
    14. ^ John V. Armstrong (1898), Tennessee School for the Blind: History and Prospectus, Nashville, OL 23400876Mcitation: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
    15. ^ "Nashville: Publishing Bibles Is Big Business", Los Angeles Times, May 28, 1986
    16. ^ Crystal A. deGregory (February 17, 2015), "Nashville's Clandestine Black Schools", New York Times, Disunion
    17. ^ Acts of the State of Tennessee. 1867.
    18. ^ Catalogue and Price-List, Nashville, Tenn: Nashville Saddlery Co., 1889, OCLC 307639234, OL 25397858M
    19. ^ a b c "US Newspaper Directory". Chronicling America. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
    20. ^ a b "List of Manuscript Collection Finding Aids". Tennessee State Library and Archives. Archived from the original on June 10, 2015. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
    21. ^ Eben S. Stearns (1885), Historical sketch of the Normal College, at Nashville, Tenn, Cincinnati: Elm Street Printing Company, OL 24875063M
    22. ^ "St. Patrick's Day Snowstorm of 1892". National Weather Service. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
    23. ^ a b "Historic Theatre Inventory". Maryland, USA: League of Historic American Theatres. Archived from the original on July 21, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
    24. ^ Hulda M. Lyttle (1939). "A School for Negro Nurses: At the George W. Hubbard Hospital and Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee". American Journal of Nursing. 39.
    25. ^ ) Public Library, Nashville (Tenn (1904). Annual Report of Carnegie Library of Nashville, Tenn.
    26. ^ Doyle 1990.
    27. ^ "Nashville". Official Register and Directory of Women's Clubs in America. 1913.
    28. ^ American Art Annual. NY. 1911.cite book: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
    29. ^ a b "Special Collections Division: Finding Aids". Nashville Public Library. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
    30. ^ National League on Urban Conditions Among Negroes (1912), "Establishment of Branch Organizations in the Several Cities", Bulletin, vol. 2, hdl:2027/chi.14025482
    31. ^ "50 U.S. Cities and Their Stories: Nashville", American Influenza Epidemic of 1918–1919: a Digital Encyclopedia, University of Michigan, retrieved February 1, 2016 (includes timeline)
    32. ^ "Historical Markers - Nashville Sites". Nashville.gov. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
    33. ^ "Timeline". War Memorial Auditorium. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
    34. ^ a b c Jack Alicoate, ed. (1939), "Standard Broadcasting Stations of the United States: Tennessee", Radio Annual, New York: Radio Daily, OCLC 2459636
    35. ^ a b c Charles A. Alicoate, ed. (1960), "Television Stations: Tennessee", Radio Annual and Television Year Book, New York: Radio Daily Corp., OCLC 10512206
    36. ^ "Movie Theaters in Nashville, TN". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
    37. ^ "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
    38. ^ "Events", Civil Rights Digital Library, Athens, GA: Digital Library of Georgia (Timeline)
    39. ^ "Key Dates in the Auditorium's History". Municipal Auditorium. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
    40. ^ Nownes 2010.
    41. ^ "Metropolitan Council". Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, Tennessee. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
    42. ^ Pluralism Project. "Hinduism in America". America's Many Religions: Timelines. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
    43. ^ "U.S. Foreign-Trade Zones Board Order Summary". Washington DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration. Retrieved September 18, 2016.
    44. ^ "Merchandise Received and Exports: Top 25, 2015", Annual Report of the Foreign-Trade Zones Board to the Congress of the United States, 2016
    45. ^ "The Bluebird Cafe". www.bluebirdcafe.com. Retrieved May 7, 2017.
    46. ^ "Nashville Eats". University of Mississippi, Southern Foodways Alliance. March 2006. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
    47. ^ Vernon N. Kisling, Jr., ed. (2001). "Zoological Gardens of the United States (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. p. 375+. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
    48. ^ "Metro Government Website History". Metropolitan Government of Nashville. Retrieved January 30, 2016.
    49. ^ "Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County". Archived from the original on January 9, 1997 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
    50. ^ "Mayor's Office". Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County. Archived from the original on August 2, 2002.
    51. ^ "Gore challenges Bradley to debates; moves campaign HQ to Tennessee". CNN. September 29, 1999. Archived from the original on December 5, 2006.
    52. ^ "Nissan Set to Relocate", New York Times, March 9, 2006
    53. ^ "Meet the Mayors". Washington, D.C.: United States Conference of Mayors. Archived from the original on June 27, 2008. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
    54. ^ David Bornstein (February 19, 2014), "Immigrants Welcome Here", New York Times
    55. ^ "About Us". Parnassus Books. Retrieved October 30, 2014.

    Bibliography

    [edit]

    Published in 19th century

    [edit]

    Published in 20th century

    [edit]

    1900s-1940s

    [edit]

    1950s-1990s

    [edit]
    • Daniel R. Grant (1955). "Urban and Suburban Nashville: A Case Study in Metropolitanism". Journal of Politics. 17.
    • Eleanor Graham (1957). "Nashville Community Study". Peabody Journal of Education. 35.
    • Egerton, John (1979). Nashville: The Faces of Two Centuries, 1780–1980. Nashville, Tennessee: PlusMedia. LCCN 79089173.
    • Doyle, Don H. (1985). Nashville Since the 1920s
    • Frank Burns (1989). Robert B. Jones (ed.). Davidson County. Tennessee County History Series. Memphis State University Press. OCLC 6820526. Free access icon (Includes information about Nashville)
    • Anita Shafer Goodstein (1989), Nashville, 1780-1860: from frontier to city, Gainesville: University of Florida Press, ISBN 0813009405
    • Don Harrison Doyle (1990), New Men, New Cities, New South: Atlanta, Nashville, Charleston, Mobile, 1860-1910, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, ISBN 0807818836
    • Robert G. Spinney (1995). "Municipal Government in Nashville, Tennessee, 1938-1951: World War II and the Growth of the Public Sector". Journal of Southern History. 61.
    • Lovett, Bobby L. (1999). African-American History of Nashville, Tennessee, 1780–1930: Elites and Dilemmas. University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 1-55728-555-1.
    • Carey, Bill (2000). Fortunes, Fiddles, & Fried Chicken: A Nashville Business History. Franklin, Tennessee: Hillsboro Press. ISBN 1-57736-178-4.

    Published in 21st century

    [edit]
    • Egerton, John; Wood, E. Thomas, eds. (2001). Nashville: An American Self-Portrait. Nashville, Tennessee: Beaten Biscuit Press. ISBN 0-9706702-1-4.
    • Duke, Jan (2005). Historic Photos of Nashville. Nashville, Tennessee: Turner Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59652-184-1.
    • Richard Pillsbury, ed. (2006). "Nashville". Geography. New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture. Vol. 2. University of North Carolina Press. p. 180. OCLC 910189354.
    • Southern Foodways Alliance, University of Mississippi (2006), Camp Nashville: A Bibliography of Music City and Meat-N-Threes
    • Padgett, David A. (2007). "Nashville". In Bullard, Robert D. (ed.). Growing Smarter: Achieving Livable Communities, Environmental Justice, and Regional Equity. MIT Press. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-262-52470-4.
    • McGuire, Jim (2007). Historic Photos of the Opry: Ryman Auditorium 1974. Nashville, Tennessee: Turner Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59652-373-9.
    • Zepp, George R. (2009). Hidden History of Nashville. Charleston, South Carolina: History Press. ISBN 978-1-59629-792-0.
    • Haugen, Ashley Driggs (2009). Historic Photos of Nashville in the 50s, 60s and 70s. Nashville, Tennessee: Turner Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59652-539-9.
    • Anthony J. Nownes, David J. Houston, and Marc Schwerdt (2010). "An assessment of the city-county consolidation of Nashville and Davidson County, Tennessee". In Suzanne M. Leland; Kurt Thurmaier (eds.). City-County Consolidation: Promises Made, Promises Kept?. Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-1-58901-622-4.cite book: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
    • Houston, Benjamin (2012). The Nashville Way: Racial Etiquette and the Struggle for Social Justice in a Southern City. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-4327-3.
    • Lloyd, Richard; Christens, Brian D. (2012). "Reaching for Dubai: Nashville Dreams of a Twenty-First-Century Skyline". In Peterson, Marina; McDonogh, Gary (eds.). Global Downtowns. City in the Twenty-First Century. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-0805-4.
    [edit]

    36°10′00″N 86°47′00″W / 36.166667°N 86.783333°W / 36.166667; -86.783333

     

    A 5-seat hot tub with a cast acrylic shell, supported by a frame structure, showing vents for water circulation and massage
    Outdoor hot tubs
     

    A hot tub is a large tub full of water used for hydrotherapy, relaxation or pleasure. Some have powerful jets for massage purposes. Hot tubs are sometimes also known as "spas" or by the trade name Jacuzzi.[1] Hot tubs may be located outdoors or indoors.

    In contrast to a typical bathtub, a hot tub is designed to be used by more than one person at a time, with many models accommodating four or more people. Unlike baths, soaps and shampoos are not used in wet-jetted hot tubs (although they can be used in air-jetted hot tubs). Home hot tubs are often closer in construction to standard bathtubs, while the construction of a public hot tub often has more in common with a swimming pool, of which it can be considered a type.

    History

    [edit]

    The earliest hot tubs were calderas in which hot stones were placed to heat the water.[citation needed] Therma in Ikaria has been a very popular place particularly for hydrotherapy ever since the 4th century B.C.[2] The remains of wrecked marble bathtubs along with a prehistoric aqueduct that have been unearthed from this area bear ample testimony of the place's popularity in the ancient times.[2]

    In 737 A.D., Japan's first onsen opened near Izumo, Shimane, and centuries later, the first ryokan (inns) were built, offering food, accommodations, and soaking tubs called ofuro.

    In ancient Rome, there were three types of baths: Baths at home (balnea), private baths (balnea privata), and public baths (balnea publica). The practice of bathing was so engrained that the Roman legions, during their long occupations in foreign lands, built their own baths at mineral and thermal springs in the newly conquered lands. Examples are found all over Europe.[3]

    In the 1940s, hot tubs began to appear in the US, inspired by the Japanese ofuro. Hydrotherapy pumps were introduced by Jacuzzi. Fiberglass shell hot tubs appeared around 1970 and were soon superseded by cast acrylic shells.

    Water treatment

    [edit]

    Plumbing

    [edit]

    The plumbing of the hot tub consists of:

    • A pressure system delivering water to the jets.
    • A suction system returning water to the pumps.
    • A filtration system: the plumbing has to incorporate a filter system to help clean the water. Some models use a separate small 24/7 filter pump while others use programmed settings of the main pumps.
    • Induced air: The jets may use a venturi effect to incorporate air into the water stream for a lighter massage effect; this requires another set of hoses.
    • Some models use an air blower to force air through a separate set of jets for a different "bubbly" massage effect; this is a separate system from the induced air.
    • An ozone system: ozonation is a common adjunct to water maintenance, and if installed will have its own set of hoses and fittings.

    Heating and energy use

    [edit]

    Hot tubs are usually heated using an electric or natural gas heater, though there are also submersible wood fire hot tub heaters, as well as solar hot water systems. Hot tubs are also found at natural hot springs; in this case, the water may be dangerously hot and must be combined with cool water for a safe soaking temperature.

    Effective insulation greatly improves the energy efficiency of a hot tub. There are several different styles of hot tub insulation: some manufacturers fill the entire cabinet with foam, while others insulate the underside of the shell, the inside of the cabinet, or both. Many manufacturers advertise the superiority of their approach to insulation, but few independent side-by-side comparisons are available. The hot tub pump and hot tub heater represent most of the power consumption in a hot tub and vary in use of power depending on their size.[4]

    Energy efficiency of portable hot tubs has been studied by the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PGEC),[5] leading to industry responses[6] and interest from both the California Energy Commission and Natural Resources Canada.[citation needed] California's portable electric hot tub listing[5] include R values of thermal insulation, and standby watts.[7][8]

    In 2019 an update to the ANSI standard for energy efficiency was approved. For the first time, this new standard increases the minimum energy efficiency level for portable spas and inflatable spas.[9][10] Hot tub covers have been shown to reduce most of the evaporative losses from the pool when not in use. With this component of heat loss being 70%,[11] a cover with even a small R-value is able to achieve as much as a 75% reduction in heating costs when used as opposed to leaving the water surface exposed.[12]

    There are several different types of spa covers. Some covers are better for insulation and therefore are lighter on internal parts and energy efficiency. Some examples of covers are insulated, aluminum, rolling, or a tonneau.[citation needed]

    Sanitation and water quality

    [edit]

    Since some hot tubs are not drained after each use it is necessary to treat the water to keep it attractive and safe. It must be neither too alkaline nor too acidic, and must be sanitised to stay free of harmful microorganisms. Partly due to their high water temperatures, hot tubs can pose particular health risks if not regularly maintained: outbreaks of Legionnaires' Disease have been traced to poorly sanitized hot tubs.[13] Typically chlorine or bromine are used as sanitizers, but salt water chlorination is starting to become more common.

    Sanitation can also be aided by a non-chemical ozonator.

    For aesthetic reasons, and for the sanitizer to work properly, water should be neither too alkaline nor too acidic (low pH). The hardness level of the water, measured as the amount of dissolved calcium, is also important. Insufficient hardness can lead to corrosion and water foaming. The ideal range of calcium hardness levels in a hot tub or spa water should be between 150 and 250 ppm (parts per million)[citation needed]

    Types

    [edit]
    Wooden hot tub on a trailer, Finland.
    • Portable vinyl-liner hot tub: these are cheaper and smaller, and require less power, e.g. 110–120 V 15 A household power circuits in North America.[citation needed]
    • Roto-molded hot tubs are constructed with the shell and surrounding cabinet as a single piece. They have molded seating.[14]
    • Acrylic: these hot tubs have a cast acrylic shell, supported by a frame structure, and are usually surrounded by a skirt of either cedar or simulated wood-grain plastic. They typically can seat two to seven persons or more.[citation needed][15]
    • Cement: hot tubs can also be built of cement, above-ground, or in-ground like a small swimming pool.[citation needed]
    • Wooden hot tubs: round wooden hot tubs peaked in popularity in the 1970s, having now been replaced by modern construction methods. Wooden hot tubs are often made of redwood or cedar and assembled from vertical staves and the structure is held together like wooden barrels, with metal bands.[14]
    • Stainless steel hot tubs can be made in any shape and size and are extremely durable.[16]
    • Fiberglass hot tub: glass-reinforced polyester (GRP) hot tubs are made of a plastic matrix reinforced by fine fibers of glass.[citation needed]
    • Inflatable PVC hot tubs. An inflatable hot tub is an air-filled spa structure. Air is pumped into a vinyl skin that expands and creates a solid form. Most commonly round in shape.[17][18]

    Safety

    [edit]

    Sitting in water above normal body temperatures can cause drowsiness which may lead to unconsciousness and subsequently result in drowning. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) recommends that water temperatures never exceed 40 degrees Celsius (104 °F). A temperature of 37 degrees Celsius (100 °F) is considered safe for a healthy adult. Soaking in water above 39 degrees Celsius (102 °F) can cause fetal damage during the first three months of pregnancy.[19]

    It is also recommended to install residual-current devices for protection against electrocution. The greater danger associated with electrical shock in the water is that the person may be rendered immobile and unable to rescue themselves or to call for help and then drown.[20]

    Hot tubs and spas are equipped with drains that can create powerful suction and between 1980 and 1996, the CPSC had reports of more than 700 deaths in spas and hot tubs, about one-third of which were drownings to children under age five. In the same period 18 incidents were reported to the CPSC involving body part entrapment. To reduce the risk of entrapment, US safety standards require that each spa have two drains for each pump, reducing the amount of suction.[21] From 1999 to 2007 there were 26 reports to the CPSC concerning circulation entrapments hot tubs and spas, including three deaths.[22]

    In 2001[23] and in 2012[24] the CPSC issued recalls for spa heaters which overheated and caused fires.

    The Uniform Swimming Pool, Spa and Hot Tub Code is a model code developed by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) to govern the installation and inspection of plumbing systems associated with swimming pools, spas and hot tubs as a means of promoting the public's health, safety and welfare.[25]

    Disease risk

    [edit]

    Poorly sanitized hot tubs have been linked to a number of diseases, principally caused by facultative anaerobic bacteria. Such incidents include hot tub folliculitis and legionellosis.[26][27]

    [edit]

    See also

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    References

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    1. ^ "Has jacuzzi become a generic trademark?". genericides.org. Archived from the original on March 6, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
    2. ^ a b Ikaria: The Ancient Spa of Therma in Ikaria Greece, Eastern Aegean, Greeka.com.
    3. ^ Schadewalt H. The history of Roman bathing culture [in Dutch]. Integraal1989;4:25–35
    4. ^ "Tips to Improve Hot Tub Energy Use" (PDF). Retrieved 18 October 2014.
    5. ^ a b Pacific Gas and Electric Company (May 12, 2004), Analysis of Standards Options For Portable Electric Spas (PDF), California Energy Commission, archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-06, retrieved 2008-09-09 (archived from the original on 2006-10-06).
    6. ^ Katherine Wang and Joshua Keim (September 2007). Turning Up the Heat. Poolspanews.com. Retrieved on 2012-08-10.
    7. ^ "List of portable electric hot tubs approved for sale in California". Archived from the original on Oct 27, 2008.
    8. ^ California's current appliance efficiency regulations. energy.ca.gov (2006).
    9. ^ Megan Geuss (January 13, 2020), Updated hot tub standard could bring surprisingly big energy savings to states, Appliance Standards Awareness Project, retrieved 2020-05-14
    10. ^ ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 "Permanently Installed Residential Spas" (PDF), American National Standards Institute, January 8, 2018
    11. ^ "Shutting down your hot tub to save electricity?". 2023-01-28.
    12. ^ "Shutting down your hot tub to save electricity?". 2023-01-28.
    13. ^ BBC (12 March 2013). "Stoke-on-Trent Legionnaires' deaths: Report calls for hot tub review". BBC News. Retrieved April 20, 2013.
    14. ^ a b Chahine, Aline (2020-08-13). "9 Types of Hot Tubs to Consider For Your Future Home". Architecture Lab. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
    15. ^ Samaan, Payal (9 July 2021). "What are Acrylic Hot Tubs". Allstate Home Leisure.
    16. ^ "The Best Hot Tubs for the Home". Bob Vila. 2020-10-28. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
    17. ^ Bob Barton (August 2016), "Recent Work on the Design and Construction of Air Inflated Structures", Procedia Engineering, 155, Science Direct: 47–60, doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.006
    18. ^ What Makes An Inflatable Spa Different From A Regular Spa?, 24 May 2020
    19. ^ "CPSC Warns Of Hot Tub Temperatures". U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
    20. ^ "Install Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupter Protection for Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs" (PDF). U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
    21. ^ "CPSC Issues Warning for Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs". U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Archived from the original on 2 December 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
    22. ^ "1999–2007 Reported Circulation/Suction Entrapments" (PDF). U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
    23. ^ "2001 Reported Fires Caused by Hot Tubs". U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
    24. ^ "2012 Reported Fires Caused by Hot Tubs". U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
    25. ^ 2021 Uniform Swimming Pool, Spa and Hot Tub Code (18 ed.). International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO). February 2021.
    26. ^ "Hot Tub Rash (Pseudomonas/ Folliculitis) | Healthy Swimming | Healthy Water | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
    27. ^ "Respiratory Infections | Healthy Swimming | Healthy Water | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2021-03-30. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
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    Reviews for Wallaby Pools Nashville


    Hunter VandenBossche

    (5)

    They do an outstanding job installing beautiful pools and transforming backyards. Winston is exceptional, his communication is top-notch, and he ensures every detail is perfect. Highly recommend!

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    Awesome. I watched a small backyard turn into a backyard oasis. The other options for a smaller pool were either fiberglass or refurbished containers. This is an actual concrete pool with automation. Looks great and I love it!

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    Frequently Asked Questions

    A pool contractor manages the design, construction, and installation of swimming pools. They handle permits, oversee subcontractors, and ensure the project meets local building codes and safety standards.

    A dip pool is a small, shallow pool designed for cooling off and relaxing. In Nashville, they�re popular due to their compact size, lower maintenance requirements, and ability to fit into smaller outdoor spaces.

    Look for a licensed and insured contractor with strong local reviews and a proven track record. Ask about their experience, request a portfolio of completed projects, and compare quotes to find the best fit for your needs.

    Fiberglass pools are known for their durability, low maintenance requirements, and smooth, non-porous surface that resists algae. Their quick installation time and long lifespan make them a popular option for homeowners.

    Check their licensing, insurance, and experience with local regulations. Reading customer reviews and asking for references can help you find trustworthy installers who deliver quality work on time and within budget.

    Above-ground pools are a budget-friendly option that�s quick to install and easy to maintain. They offer flexibility in placement and can be removed or relocated if needed. With proper care, above-ground pools provide years of backyard fun.