The Importance of Pool Barriers for Child Safety

Pool installer Nashville

Choosing the Right Pool Pump for Energy Savings

Install the liner carefully to prevent wrinkles or damage, and then attach the filter system, pump, and any additional accessories. Start by determining the type of pool-concrete, fiberglass, or vinyl-and obtaining quotes from reputable contractors. Best pool installer nashville TN. The key difference lies in the degree of oversight and the complexity of safety measures required for public use." Look for professionals with a strong track record, verified licenses, and positive client reviews.

Some warranties won't cover issues arising from extreme weather events, unauthorized repairs, or misuse of the equipment. Best nashville pool builders TN. Vinyl-lined pools present a more affordable entry point, but their liners may need periodic replacement.

Experienced contractors provide detailed estimates, break down costs for each phase of the project, and suggest cost-effective materials and designs. Equipment warranties, offered by manufacturers, cover components like pumps, heaters, filters, and automation systems for a specified period.

By using a high-quality cover and securing it properly, you can improve water clarity, extend the life of your pool equipment, and reduce maintenance costs over time."

In residential settings, a safety audit might highlight areas where additional fencing or a pool alarm could enhance protection. By capturing and using the sun's free energy, solar pool systems reduce reliance on electricity or gas, leading to significant long-term savings.

The Importance of Pool Barriers for Child Safety - Pool Shock Treatments

  1. Pool Decking
  2. Pool Excavation
  3. Hydraulic Systems
  4. Artificial Grass Surroundings
  5. Infinity Pools
  6. Pool Alarms
  7. Pool Heaters
In-ground pools provide a more permanent, visually seamless addition to your landscape and can significantly enhance your property's value. If space is limited, consider compact designs like plunge pools or L-shaped configurations.

Labor costs for skilled contractors, engineers, and architects further raise the total expense. "A pool renovation can dramatically improve both its usability and visual appeal.

Pay attention to details such as tile work, coping, and landscaping integration, as these reflect the contractor's attention to craftsmanship. Once approved, the repair or replacement will be scheduled, often at no cost.

Installing solar panels on a sunny rooftop or nearby structure can supply enough energy to keep the water warm and run essential equipment. best pool contractor Nashville,TN.

Plunging Pools

Pool Builder

Wallaby Pools


The Importance of Proper Pool Water Chemistry

Solar-powered pumps and heaters, combined with variable-speed technology, reduce energy use and lower utility bills. best pool company Nashville TN. With careful planning and the use of sustainable options, you can enjoy a beautiful pool that treads lightly on the planet." "Essential pool accessories help ensure a safe, clean, and enjoyable swimming experience. Additionally, energy-efficient pools appeal to environmentally conscious buyers, potentially boosting your property's resale value.

The Importance of Pool Barriers for Child Safety - Inground Pools

  1. LED Lighting
  2. Filter Cleaning
  3. Salt Chlorinators
  4. Pool Vacuuming
  5. Vinyl Liner Pools


"Energy-efficient pools often come with higher upfront costs due to advanced equipment, such as variable-speed pumps or solar heaters, but they offer substantial savings in the long run. Water features, such as fountains, waterfalls, or bubblers, add a touch of luxury and relaxation.

For modern homes, consider sleek, geometric pool shapes with clean lines and minimalistic materials. These pools offer a comfortable, non-abrasive interior that's gentle on swimmers and easy to clean.

Residential pools, by contrast, are primarily guided by general safety practices, such as installing proper barriers and maintaining balanced water chemistry.

The Importance of Proper Pool Water Chemistry
How to Prevent Pool Leaks and Damage

How to Prevent Pool Leaks and Damage

"Regular pool maintenance is essential to keep your water clean, clear, and safe for swimming. With a warranty in place, you can have peace of mind knowing that issues such as leaks, cracks, or malfunctioning pumps will be addressed promptly and without additional financial burden. Aesthetic improvements, such as new tiles, fresh plaster finishes, or decorative coping, instantly elevate the pool's overall look. For those seeking a fully customizable pool that can last decades with proper care, concrete pools remain a top contender."

Avoid using abrasive cleaning tools or harsh chemicals that may harm the liner. "While both public and private pools must adhere to safety guidelines, the requirements for public pools are typically more stringent.

"Checking references from past clients is one of the most reliable ways to gauge a pool contractor's quality and professionalism. Additionally, contractors often have established relationships with suppliers, allowing them to secure better prices on materials.

Solar heating systems harness renewable energy, reducing reliance on traditional power sources.

How to Install an Energy-Efficient Pool Heater

Additionally, inspect the surface regularly for signs of wear, tears, or discoloration, and address any minor issues promptly to prevent them from worsening. Experienced contractors are also more likely to have established relationships with trusted suppliers, ensuring access to quality materials. Content"Finding a reliable pool installer in Nashville is crucial for ensuring your backyard oasis is built to last. A sunny spot ensures warm water and less energy use for heating, while positioning the pool away from large trees reduces debris and maintenance.

Slides come in various shapes and sizes, from gentle slopes suitable for younger swimmers to tall, winding slides that offer a thrilling experience. "Pool construction must adhere to strict safety standards to protect swimmers and ensure compliance with local regulations.

Homeowners can choose unique shapes, depths, and features that complement their landscape. It's important to understand the terms, including the warranty duration, what is excluded, and who to contact for repairs.

The Importance of Pool Barriers for Child Safety - Eco-friendly Pools

  1. Eco-friendly Pools
  2. Pool Shock Treatments
  3. Automation Systems
  4. Ozone Pool Systems
  5. Inground Pools


Features such as wide entry steps, handrails, and shallow wading areas make it easier for children, seniors, and individuals with mobility challenges to enter and exit the pool.

How to Install an Energy-Efficient Pool Heater
Energy-Efficient Pool Features That Help the Planet
Energy-Efficient Pool Features That Help the Planet

Instead of relying on chlorine or other sanitizers, these pools use plants and biological filters to keep the water clean and clear. Popular options include resurfacing the pool with materials such as quartz, pebble, or polished aggregate finishes, which provide durability and a visually appealing texture. A contractor with years of experience has likely encountered and solved a wide range of challenges, allowing them to anticipate potential issues and provide effective solutions. In contrast, commercial pools prioritize functionality and safety, incorporating lane markers for lap swimming, ADA-compliant entry systems, and ample deck space for lifeguards and patrons.

Public pools must meet rigorous standards for water quality, lifeguard staffing, ADA accessibility, and equipment inspections. Balancing water chemistry protects surfaces, reduces algae growth, and prolongs the life of filters, pumps, and heaters.

Focus on cost-effective improvements like resurfacing with a durable but affordable finish, replacing old tiles with stylish yet economical options, or upgrading essential equipment to energy-efficient models. "Maintaining your pool warranty requires following specific guidelines set by the manufacturer or contractor.

By prioritizing these precautions, homeowners and operators can create a safer environment for families and visitors."

The Importance of Pool Barriers for Child Safety - Inground Pools

  1. Warranty & Service Contracts
  2. Pool Fencing
  3. Anti-Entrapment Drain Covers
  4. Jacuzzi Jets
  5. Energy-efficient Pool Equipment


Commercial Pool Design Elements You Should Know About

Local building departments often have detailed guidelines for construction, equipment, and ongoing maintenance to ensure compliance. By focusing on both functionality and style, a renovation transforms an aging pool into a modern, beautiful retreat." Added elements such as waterfalls, spas, or LED lighting increase the overall price, as do advanced automation systems and energy-efficient equipment. "Choosing the right pool size depends on your yard's dimensions, how you plan to use the pool, and your budget.

A built-in spa or hot tub offers year-round relaxation, and tanning ledges create a comfortable space to lounge and unwind. "Maintaining a clean pool year-round requires a combination of consistent care and timely adjustments.

Updating the pool's shape or size, adding features like waterfalls or swim-up bars, and upgrading the decking materials create a more inviting and practical space.

The Importance of Pool Barriers for Child Safety - Ozone Pool Systems

  1. Saltwater Pools
  2. Bromine Systems
  3. Chlorine Tablets
  4. Above Ground Pools
  5. Pool Designers
  6. pH & Alkalinity Adjusters
This can speed up the sale process and potentially increase the property's market value.

A sturdy, self-latching fence is a must-have for creating a physical barrier, especially for households with children.

Commercial Pool Design Elements You Should Know About

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Nashville, Tennessee, United States.

Prior to 19th century

[edit]

19th century

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20th century

[edit]

1900s-1940s

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1950s-1990s

[edit]

21st century

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Federal Writers' Project 1939.
  2. ^ a b c d e Wooldridge 1890.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Britannica 1910.
  4. ^ J.G.M. Ramsey (1853), The annals of Tennessee to the end of the eighteenth century, Charleston, Tenn.: J. Russell, OCLC 11827530, OL 13558206M
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Robert 1880.
  6. ^ Williams 1860, p. 90: "History of the Nashville Press"
  7. ^ a b c d "Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture". University of Tennessee Press.
  8. ^ a b c d e Davies Project. "American Libraries before 1876". Princeton University. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
  9. ^ "Research & Collections". Tennessee Historical Society. Archived from the original on December 8, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
  10. ^ Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Nashville", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, U.S. Census Bureau, 1998
  12. ^ a b c d Williams 1860.
  13. ^ Marshall 1881.
  14. ^ John V. Armstrong (1898), Tennessee School for the Blind: History and Prospectus, Nashville, OL 23400876Mcitation: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  15. ^ "Nashville: Publishing Bibles Is Big Business", Los Angeles Times, May 28, 1986
  16. ^ Crystal A. deGregory (February 17, 2015), "Nashville's Clandestine Black Schools", New York Times, Disunion
  17. ^ Acts of the State of Tennessee. 1867.
  18. ^ Catalogue and Price-List, Nashville, Tenn: Nashville Saddlery Co., 1889, OCLC 307639234, OL 25397858M
  19. ^ a b c "US Newspaper Directory". Chronicling America. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
  20. ^ a b "List of Manuscript Collection Finding Aids". Tennessee State Library and Archives. Archived from the original on June 10, 2015. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
  21. ^ Eben S. Stearns (1885), Historical sketch of the Normal College, at Nashville, Tenn, Cincinnati: Elm Street Printing Company, OL 24875063M
  22. ^ "St. Patrick's Day Snowstorm of 1892". National Weather Service. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
  23. ^ a b "Historic Theatre Inventory". Maryland, USA: League of Historic American Theatres. Archived from the original on July 21, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
  24. ^ Hulda M. Lyttle (1939). "A School for Negro Nurses: At the George W. Hubbard Hospital and Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee". American Journal of Nursing. 39.
  25. ^ ) Public Library, Nashville (Tenn (1904). Annual Report of Carnegie Library of Nashville, Tenn.
  26. ^ Doyle 1990.
  27. ^ "Nashville". Official Register and Directory of Women's Clubs in America. 1913.
  28. ^ American Art Annual. NY. 1911.cite book: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  29. ^ a b "Special Collections Division: Finding Aids". Nashville Public Library. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
  30. ^ National League on Urban Conditions Among Negroes (1912), "Establishment of Branch Organizations in the Several Cities", Bulletin, vol. 2, hdl:2027/chi.14025482
  31. ^ "50 U.S. Cities and Their Stories: Nashville", American Influenza Epidemic of 1918–1919: a Digital Encyclopedia, University of Michigan, retrieved February 1, 2016 (includes timeline)
  32. ^ "Historical Markers - Nashville Sites". Nashville.gov. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
  33. ^ "Timeline". War Memorial Auditorium. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
  34. ^ a b c Jack Alicoate, ed. (1939), "Standard Broadcasting Stations of the United States: Tennessee", Radio Annual, New York: Radio Daily, OCLC 2459636
  35. ^ a b c Charles A. Alicoate, ed. (1960), "Television Stations: Tennessee", Radio Annual and Television Year Book, New York: Radio Daily Corp., OCLC 10512206
  36. ^ "Movie Theaters in Nashville, TN". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
  37. ^ "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
  38. ^ "Events", Civil Rights Digital Library, Athens, GA: Digital Library of Georgia (Timeline)
  39. ^ "Key Dates in the Auditorium's History". Municipal Auditorium. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
  40. ^ Nownes 2010.
  41. ^ "Metropolitan Council". Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, Tennessee. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
  42. ^ Pluralism Project. "Hinduism in America". America's Many Religions: Timelines. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
  43. ^ "U.S. Foreign-Trade Zones Board Order Summary". Washington DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration. Retrieved September 18, 2016.
  44. ^ "Merchandise Received and Exports: Top 25, 2015", Annual Report of the Foreign-Trade Zones Board to the Congress of the United States, 2016
  45. ^ "The Bluebird Cafe". www.bluebirdcafe.com. Retrieved May 7, 2017.
  46. ^ "Nashville Eats". University of Mississippi, Southern Foodways Alliance. March 2006. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
  47. ^ Vernon N. Kisling, Jr., ed. (2001). "Zoological Gardens of the United States (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. p. 375+. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
  48. ^ "Metro Government Website History". Metropolitan Government of Nashville. Retrieved January 30, 2016.
  49. ^ "Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County". Archived from the original on January 9, 1997 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
  50. ^ "Mayor's Office". Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County. Archived from the original on August 2, 2002.
  51. ^ "Gore challenges Bradley to debates; moves campaign HQ to Tennessee". CNN. September 29, 1999. Archived from the original on December 5, 2006.
  52. ^ "Nissan Set to Relocate", New York Times, March 9, 2006
  53. ^ "Meet the Mayors". Washington, D.C.: United States Conference of Mayors. Archived from the original on June 27, 2008. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
  54. ^ David Bornstein (February 19, 2014), "Immigrants Welcome Here", New York Times
  55. ^ "About Us". Parnassus Books. Retrieved October 30, 2014.

Bibliography

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Published in 19th century

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Published in 20th century

[edit]

1900s-1940s

[edit]

1950s-1990s

[edit]
  • Daniel R. Grant (1955). "Urban and Suburban Nashville: A Case Study in Metropolitanism". Journal of Politics. 17.
  • Eleanor Graham (1957). "Nashville Community Study". Peabody Journal of Education. 35.
  • Egerton, John (1979). Nashville: The Faces of Two Centuries, 1780–1980. Nashville, Tennessee: PlusMedia. LCCN 79089173.
  • Doyle, Don H. (1985). Nashville Since the 1920s
  • Frank Burns (1989). Robert B. Jones (ed.). Davidson County. Tennessee County History Series. Memphis State University Press. OCLC 6820526. Free access icon (Includes information about Nashville)
  • Anita Shafer Goodstein (1989), Nashville, 1780-1860: from frontier to city, Gainesville: University of Florida Press, ISBN 0813009405
  • Don Harrison Doyle (1990), New Men, New Cities, New South: Atlanta, Nashville, Charleston, Mobile, 1860-1910, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, ISBN 0807818836
  • Robert G. Spinney (1995). "Municipal Government in Nashville, Tennessee, 1938-1951: World War II and the Growth of the Public Sector". Journal of Southern History. 61.
  • Lovett, Bobby L. (1999). African-American History of Nashville, Tennessee, 1780–1930: Elites and Dilemmas. University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 1-55728-555-1.
  • Carey, Bill (2000). Fortunes, Fiddles, & Fried Chicken: A Nashville Business History. Franklin, Tennessee: Hillsboro Press. ISBN 1-57736-178-4.

Published in 21st century

[edit]
  • Egerton, John; Wood, E. Thomas, eds. (2001). Nashville: An American Self-Portrait. Nashville, Tennessee: Beaten Biscuit Press. ISBN 0-9706702-1-4.
  • Duke, Jan (2005). Historic Photos of Nashville. Nashville, Tennessee: Turner Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59652-184-1.
  • Richard Pillsbury, ed. (2006). "Nashville". Geography. New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture. Vol. 2. University of North Carolina Press. p. 180. OCLC 910189354.
  • Southern Foodways Alliance, University of Mississippi (2006), Camp Nashville: A Bibliography of Music City and Meat-N-Threes
  • Padgett, David A. (2007). "Nashville". In Bullard, Robert D. (ed.). Growing Smarter: Achieving Livable Communities, Environmental Justice, and Regional Equity. MIT Press. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-262-52470-4.
  • McGuire, Jim (2007). Historic Photos of the Opry: Ryman Auditorium 1974. Nashville, Tennessee: Turner Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59652-373-9.
  • Zepp, George R. (2009). Hidden History of Nashville. Charleston, South Carolina: History Press. ISBN 978-1-59629-792-0.
  • Haugen, Ashley Driggs (2009). Historic Photos of Nashville in the 50s, 60s and 70s. Nashville, Tennessee: Turner Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59652-539-9.
  • Anthony J. Nownes, David J. Houston, and Marc Schwerdt (2010). "An assessment of the city-county consolidation of Nashville and Davidson County, Tennessee". In Suzanne M. Leland; Kurt Thurmaier (eds.). City-County Consolidation: Promises Made, Promises Kept?. Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-1-58901-622-4.cite book: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Houston, Benjamin (2012). The Nashville Way: Racial Etiquette and the Struggle for Social Justice in a Southern City. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-4327-3.
  • Lloyd, Richard; Christens, Brian D. (2012). "Reaching for Dubai: Nashville Dreams of a Twenty-First-Century Skyline". In Peterson, Marina; McDonogh, Gary (eds.). Global Downtowns. City in the Twenty-First Century. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-0805-4.
[edit]

36°10′00″N 86°47′00″W / 36.166667°N 86.783333°W / 36.166667; -86.783333

 

This swimming pool service technician is using a pool skimmer to remove debris from a courtyard fountain at an apartment complex in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

A swimming pool service technician is a person who maintains swimming pools, including keeping the water clean and safe by fixing pool equipment such as pumps, motors and water filters.

Description

[edit]

Pool and spa service technicians provide services in the swimming pool and spa industry. There are various national trade associations in the United States that offer memberships in these services, including the Pool & Hot Tub Alliance,[1] the Independent Pool And Spa Service Association, Inc.[2] and the United Pool Association.[3] Certification can be obtained through various organizations, including the National Swimming Pool Foundation.

There are approximately 15 million residential pools and spas in the United States, and about 400,000 commercial and public swimming pools.[4][5] The two service industry trade organizations boast of having about 15,000 members. These workers generally clean either residential or commercial swimming pools. Not all pool service professionals are members of these organizations, and many residential pool owners clean their own pools.[6]

According to the National Swimming Pool Foundation,[7] which has certified hundreds of thousands of pool service operators with its Certified Pool Operators course,[8] only 26 states require that operators of public or commercial pools be properly trained and certified. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has published guidance to "help ensure healthy and safe experiences in public pools" in reports called the Model Aquatic Health Code.[9] [10]

An automated pool cleaner can also be used to clean some pools.

Various Roles

[edit]

The swimming pool service technician industry has various jobs that extend beyond cleaning and sanitizing. Swimming pool service technicians are required to have an understanding of basic water chemistry readings, such as chlorine, pH, alkalinity, stabilizer, and salt levels.[11] Additionally, they must have knowledge in maintaining and repairing pool and spa equipment, including filters, pumps, chlorinators, heaters, pool lights, and automation systems and are also responsible for maintaining safety by ensuring that diving boards, water slides, and other pool accessories are in safe working condition.

Another aspect of repairing or installing pool equipment is setting up automation systems. This includes running high and low voltage wires from a main breaker box to a separate automation panel where that electricity is then sent to the various pool equipment. Communication wire is also sent to the equipment to switch them on and off via the automation motherboard.

Pay scale

[edit]

The average swimming pool technician hourly pay rate in the United States is $17.30.[12] [13] This figure may vary depending on many factors, including the employer, location and worker's expertise.

[edit]

A swimming pool service technician is the title character of the Seinfeld episode "The Pool Guy".[14]

There has also been an episode of Saturday Night Live called "Pool Boy", depicting a swimming pool service technician, played by comedian Pete Davidson.

In Legally Blonde, a pool boy named Enrique Salvatore (played by Greg Serano) is a key witness in the trial at the center of the movie.[15]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Pool & Hot Tub Alliance". Pool & Hot Tub Alliance. Retrieved Dec 2, 2021.
  2. ^ IPSSA
  3. ^ The History of UPA
  4. ^ .P.K. Date Pool & Spa Research Library
  5. ^ About APSP
  6. ^ "Above Ground Pool". Tuesday, 10 September 2019
  7. ^ Aquapedia
  8. ^ NSPF Certification Program
  9. ^ The Model Aquatic Health Code
  10. ^ "Disinfection & Remediation of Pools & Hot Tubs". CDC. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
  11. ^ "Key Misunderstandings and Problems in Pool Water Chemistry" (in German). Citym. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  12. ^ "Pool Technician Salary (September 2024) - Zippia". 18 May 2020.
  13. ^ "Pool Cleaner Salary in USA - Average Salary". Talent.com. Retrieved 2021-12-09.
  14. ^ Ackerman, Andy (1995-11-16), The Pool Guy, Seinfeld, retrieved 2021-12-09
  15. ^ Oliver, David (July 13, 2021). "'Legally Blonde' scene wouldn't hold up in court". USA Today. Retrieved 2023-07-12.
A 5-seat hot tub with a cast acrylic shell, supported by a frame structure, showing vents for water circulation and massage
Outdoor hot tubs
 

A hot tub is a large tub full of water used for hydrotherapy, relaxation or pleasure. Some have powerful jets for massage purposes. Hot tubs are sometimes also known as "spas" or by the trade name Jacuzzi.[1] Hot tubs may be located outdoors or indoors.

In contrast to a typical bathtub, a hot tub is designed to be used by more than one person at a time, with many models accommodating four or more people. Unlike baths, soaps and shampoos are not used in wet-jetted hot tubs (although they can be used in air-jetted hot tubs). Home hot tubs are often closer in construction to standard bathtubs, while the construction of a public hot tub often has more in common with a swimming pool, of which it can be considered a type.

History

[edit]

The earliest hot tubs were calderas in which hot stones were placed to heat the water.[citation needed] Therma in Ikaria has been a very popular place particularly for hydrotherapy ever since the 4th century B.C.[2] The remains of wrecked marble bathtubs along with a prehistoric aqueduct that have been unearthed from this area bear ample testimony of the place's popularity in the ancient times.[2]

In 737 A.D., Japan's first onsen opened near Izumo, Shimane, and centuries later, the first ryokan (inns) were built, offering food, accommodations, and soaking tubs called ofuro.

In ancient Rome, there were three types of baths: Baths at home (balnea), private baths (balnea privata), and public baths (balnea publica). The practice of bathing was so engrained that the Roman legions, during their long occupations in foreign lands, built their own baths at mineral and thermal springs in the newly conquered lands. Examples are found all over Europe.[3]

In the 1940s, hot tubs began to appear in the US, inspired by the Japanese ofuro. Hydrotherapy pumps were introduced by Jacuzzi. Fiberglass shell hot tubs appeared around 1970 and were soon superseded by cast acrylic shells.

Water treatment

[edit]

Plumbing

[edit]

The plumbing of the hot tub consists of:

  • A pressure system delivering water to the jets.
  • A suction system returning water to the pumps.
  • A filtration system: the plumbing has to incorporate a filter system to help clean the water. Some models use a separate small 24/7 filter pump while others use programmed settings of the main pumps.
  • Induced air: The jets may use a venturi effect to incorporate air into the water stream for a lighter massage effect; this requires another set of hoses.
  • Some models use an air blower to force air through a separate set of jets for a different "bubbly" massage effect; this is a separate system from the induced air.
  • An ozone system: ozonation is a common adjunct to water maintenance, and if installed will have its own set of hoses and fittings.

Heating and energy use

[edit]

Hot tubs are usually heated using an electric or natural gas heater, though there are also submersible wood fire hot tub heaters, as well as solar hot water systems. Hot tubs are also found at natural hot springs; in this case, the water may be dangerously hot and must be combined with cool water for a safe soaking temperature.

Effective insulation greatly improves the energy efficiency of a hot tub. There are several different styles of hot tub insulation: some manufacturers fill the entire cabinet with foam, while others insulate the underside of the shell, the inside of the cabinet, or both. Many manufacturers advertise the superiority of their approach to insulation, but few independent side-by-side comparisons are available. The hot tub pump and hot tub heater represent most of the power consumption in a hot tub and vary in use of power depending on their size.[4]

Energy efficiency of portable hot tubs has been studied by the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PGEC),[5] leading to industry responses[6] and interest from both the California Energy Commission and Natural Resources Canada.[citation needed] California's portable electric hot tub listing[5] include R values of thermal insulation, and standby watts.[7][8]

In 2019 an update to the ANSI standard for energy efficiency was approved. For the first time, this new standard increases the minimum energy efficiency level for portable spas and inflatable spas.[9][10] Hot tub covers have been shown to reduce most of the evaporative losses from the pool when not in use. With this component of heat loss being 70%,[11] a cover with even a small R-value is able to achieve as much as a 75% reduction in heating costs when used as opposed to leaving the water surface exposed.[12]

There are several different types of spa covers. Some covers are better for insulation and therefore are lighter on internal parts and energy efficiency. Some examples of covers are insulated, aluminum, rolling, or a tonneau.[citation needed]

Sanitation and water quality

[edit]

Since some hot tubs are not drained after each use it is necessary to treat the water to keep it attractive and safe. It must be neither too alkaline nor too acidic, and must be sanitised to stay free of harmful microorganisms. Partly due to their high water temperatures, hot tubs can pose particular health risks if not regularly maintained: outbreaks of Legionnaires' Disease have been traced to poorly sanitized hot tubs.[13] Typically chlorine or bromine are used as sanitizers, but salt water chlorination is starting to become more common.

Sanitation can also be aided by a non-chemical ozonator.

For aesthetic reasons, and for the sanitizer to work properly, water should be neither too alkaline nor too acidic (low pH). The hardness level of the water, measured as the amount of dissolved calcium, is also important. Insufficient hardness can lead to corrosion and water foaming. The ideal range of calcium hardness levels in a hot tub or spa water should be between 150 and 250 ppm (parts per million)[citation needed]

Types

[edit]
Wooden hot tub on a trailer, Finland.
  • Portable vinyl-liner hot tub: these are cheaper and smaller, and require less power, e.g. 110–120 V 15 A household power circuits in North America.[citation needed]
  • Roto-molded hot tubs are constructed with the shell and surrounding cabinet as a single piece. They have molded seating.[14]
  • Acrylic: these hot tubs have a cast acrylic shell, supported by a frame structure, and are usually surrounded by a skirt of either cedar or simulated wood-grain plastic. They typically can seat two to seven persons or more.[citation needed][15]
  • Cement: hot tubs can also be built of cement, above-ground, or in-ground like a small swimming pool.[citation needed]
  • Wooden hot tubs: round wooden hot tubs peaked in popularity in the 1970s, having now been replaced by modern construction methods. Wooden hot tubs are often made of redwood or cedar and assembled from vertical staves and the structure is held together like wooden barrels, with metal bands.[14]
  • Stainless steel hot tubs can be made in any shape and size and are extremely durable.[16]
  • Fiberglass hot tub: glass-reinforced polyester (GRP) hot tubs are made of a plastic matrix reinforced by fine fibers of glass.[citation needed]
  • Inflatable PVC hot tubs. An inflatable hot tub is an air-filled spa structure. Air is pumped into a vinyl skin that expands and creates a solid form. Most commonly round in shape.[17][18]

Safety

[edit]

Sitting in water above normal body temperatures can cause drowsiness which may lead to unconsciousness and subsequently result in drowning. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) recommends that water temperatures never exceed 40 degrees Celsius (104 °F). A temperature of 37 degrees Celsius (100 °F) is considered safe for a healthy adult. Soaking in water above 39 degrees Celsius (102 °F) can cause fetal damage during the first three months of pregnancy.[19]

It is also recommended to install residual-current devices for protection against electrocution. The greater danger associated with electrical shock in the water is that the person may be rendered immobile and unable to rescue themselves or to call for help and then drown.[20]

Hot tubs and spas are equipped with drains that can create powerful suction and between 1980 and 1996, the CPSC had reports of more than 700 deaths in spas and hot tubs, about one-third of which were drownings to children under age five. In the same period 18 incidents were reported to the CPSC involving body part entrapment. To reduce the risk of entrapment, US safety standards require that each spa have two drains for each pump, reducing the amount of suction.[21] From 1999 to 2007 there were 26 reports to the CPSC concerning circulation entrapments hot tubs and spas, including three deaths.[22]

In 2001[23] and in 2012[24] the CPSC issued recalls for spa heaters which overheated and caused fires.

The Uniform Swimming Pool, Spa and Hot Tub Code is a model code developed by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) to govern the installation and inspection of plumbing systems associated with swimming pools, spas and hot tubs as a means of promoting the public's health, safety and welfare.[25]

Disease risk

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Poorly sanitized hot tubs have been linked to a number of diseases, principally caused by facultative anaerobic bacteria. Such incidents include hot tub folliculitis and legionellosis.[26][27]

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Has jacuzzi become a generic trademark?". genericides.org. Archived from the original on March 6, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
  2. ^ a b Ikaria: The Ancient Spa of Therma in Ikaria Greece, Eastern Aegean, Greeka.com.
  3. ^ Schadewalt H. The history of Roman bathing culture [in Dutch]. Integraal1989;4:25–35
  4. ^ "Tips to Improve Hot Tub Energy Use" (PDF). Retrieved 18 October 2014.
  5. ^ a b Pacific Gas and Electric Company (May 12, 2004), Analysis of Standards Options For Portable Electric Spas (PDF), California Energy Commission, archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-06, retrieved 2008-09-09 (archived from the original on 2006-10-06).
  6. ^ Katherine Wang and Joshua Keim (September 2007). Turning Up the Heat. Poolspanews.com. Retrieved on 2012-08-10.
  7. ^ "List of portable electric hot tubs approved for sale in California". Archived from the original on Oct 27, 2008.
  8. ^ California's current appliance efficiency regulations. energy.ca.gov (2006).
  9. ^ Megan Geuss (January 13, 2020), Updated hot tub standard could bring surprisingly big energy savings to states, Appliance Standards Awareness Project, retrieved 2020-05-14
  10. ^ ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 "Permanently Installed Residential Spas" (PDF), American National Standards Institute, January 8, 2018
  11. ^ "Shutting down your hot tub to save electricity?". 2023-01-28.
  12. ^ "Shutting down your hot tub to save electricity?". 2023-01-28.
  13. ^ BBC (12 March 2013). "Stoke-on-Trent Legionnaires' deaths: Report calls for hot tub review". BBC News. Retrieved April 20, 2013.
  14. ^ a b Chahine, Aline (2020-08-13). "9 Types of Hot Tubs to Consider For Your Future Home". Architecture Lab. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
  15. ^ Samaan, Payal (9 July 2021). "What are Acrylic Hot Tubs". Allstate Home Leisure.
  16. ^ "The Best Hot Tubs for the Home". Bob Vila. 2020-10-28. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
  17. ^ Bob Barton (August 2016), "Recent Work on the Design and Construction of Air Inflated Structures", Procedia Engineering, 155, Science Direct: 47–60, doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.006
  18. ^ What Makes An Inflatable Spa Different From A Regular Spa?, 24 May 2020
  19. ^ "CPSC Warns Of Hot Tub Temperatures". U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
  20. ^ "Install Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupter Protection for Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs" (PDF). U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
  21. ^ "CPSC Issues Warning for Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs". U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Archived from the original on 2 December 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
  22. ^ "1999–2007 Reported Circulation/Suction Entrapments" (PDF). U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
  23. ^ "2001 Reported Fires Caused by Hot Tubs". U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
  24. ^ "2012 Reported Fires Caused by Hot Tubs". U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
  25. ^ 2021 Uniform Swimming Pool, Spa and Hot Tub Code (18 ed.). International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO). February 2021.
  26. ^ "Hot Tub Rash (Pseudomonas/ Folliculitis) | Healthy Swimming | Healthy Water | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
  27. ^ "Respiratory Infections | Healthy Swimming | Healthy Water | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2021-03-30. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
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Reviews for Wallaby Pools Nashville


Hunter VandenBossche

(5)

They do an outstanding job installing beautiful pools and transforming backyards. Winston is exceptional, his communication is top-notch, and he ensures every detail is perfect. Highly recommend!

mary crichton

(5)

Winston Farzan has done excellent work for me several times. He's been able to tackle many different jobs at once. I save jobs for him knowing that I can depend on his expertise!

Cory Lee

(5)

Awesome. I watched a small backyard turn into a backyard oasis. The other options for a smaller pool were either fiberglass or refurbished containers. This is an actual concrete pool with automation. Looks great and I love it!

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Frequently Asked Questions

Fiberglass pools typically last 25�30 years or more with proper maintenance. The durable shell and smooth surface require minimal upkeep compared to other pool types, making fiberglass a long-lasting investment.

Look for a builder with a strong local reputation, verified licensing, and positive customer reviews. Request a detailed estimate, timeline, and references to ensure you�re working with a reputable professional.

A dip pool is a small, shallow pool designed for cooling off and relaxing. In Nashville, they�re popular due to their compact size, lower maintenance requirements, and ability to fit into smaller outdoor spaces.

A deck creates a functional and attractive space for lounging, entertaining, and easier pool access. It also enhances safety by providing a secure, slip-resistant surface around the pool.

A plunging pool is a compact, deep pool designed for quick dips and relaxation. It�s ideal for small backyards or as a cool-down spot near larger pools or spas.